1) The intensity of cyclones is often measured using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, which categorizes them based on their sustained wind speeds.

2) The Age of Exploration, during the 15th and 16th centuries, saw European explorers such as Christopher Columbus and Vasco da Gama reach new lands and establish trade routes.

3) The world's first stock exchange was established in Amsterdam in 1602.

4) The role of lobbyists in politics involves representing the interests of specific groups or industries and advocating for favorable policies or influencing decision-making processes within government institutions.